pH TEST REPORTS
Measurements taken by involved citizens across the country.
Posted by Clifford E Carnicom
September 2000
|
1990 Difference Statistics: |
1999 Difference Statistics: |
|
Wilcoxon’s Signed Rank Non-Parametric Test also indicates the pH differences from 2000 with respect to 1999 data to be significant at the 99.9999%+ level. (n=24) |
Significant differences from the baseline indicate significant changes in atmospheric chemistry that have occurred since the baseline values were recorded. Significant positive differences indicate a much higher presence of hydroxide ions (OH-) than is expected. Significant differences, as found, warrant a formal investigation into the magnitude and origin of recent changes in atmospheric chemistry.
|
Date (2000) |
N |
Location |
1990 |
1999 |
2000 |
1990 |
1999 |
|
Jun 26 |
1 |
NM |
5.1 |
5.0 |
6.6 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
|
Jun 27 |
NM |
5.1 |
5.0 |
6.6 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
|
|
Aug 17 |
NM |
5.1 |
5.0 |
6.2 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
|
|
Aug 18 |
NM |
5.1 |
5.0 |
6.3 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
|
|
Aug 19 |
5 |
NM |
5.1 |
5.0 |
6.6 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
|
Sep 10 |
WA |
5.3 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
|
|
Sep 11 |
IN |
4.4 |
4.4 |
7.0 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
|
|
Sep 11 |
Great Lakes |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.6 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
|
|
Sep 11 |
Great Lakes |
4.4 |
4.5 |
7.6+ |
3.2 |
3.1 |
|
|
Sep 15 |
10 |
OR coast |
5.3 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
|
Sept 15 |
Nor. CA-coast |
5.3 |
5.3 |
5.0 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
|
|
Sep 17 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.0 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
|
Sep 15 |
ND |
5.3 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
Sep 19 |
WI |
4.7 |
4.7 |
6.8 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
|
|
Sep 19 |
15 |
WI |
4.7 |
4.7 |
7.0 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
Sep 19 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.3 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
|
Sep 21 |
KS |
5.3 |
5.1 |
6.8 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
|
|
Sep 21 |
WA |
5.3 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
|
|
Sep 19 |
CO |
5.2 |
4.9 |
5.7 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
|
|
Sep 20 |
20 |
CO |
5.2 |
4.9 |
6.0 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
|
Sep 20 |
CO |
5.2 |
4.9 |
5.9 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
|
|
Sep 22 |
WI |
4.7 |
4.7 |
6.4 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
|
|
Sep 22 |
WI |
4.7 |
4.7 |
6.6 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
|
|
Sep 23 |
MI |
4.3 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
|
|
Sep 25 |
25 |
CO |
5.2 |
4.9 |
5.5 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
|
Sep 25 |
CO |
5.2 |
4.9 |
5.9 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
|
|
Sep 26 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.3 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
|
Sep 27 |
TX |
5.1 |
5.1 |
6.7 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
|
Oct 5 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
|
Oct 6 |
30 |
IN |
4.4 |
4.4 |
6.7 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
Oct 6 |
GA |
4.6 |
4.6 |
5.2 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
|
|
Oct 9 |
OR coast |
5.3 |
5.4 |
5.3 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
|
|
Oct 10 |
CA |
5.3 |
5.5 |
6.4 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
|
|
Oct 9 |
CA (N.) |
5.3 |
5.4 |
6.4 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
|
|
Oct 10 |
35 |
CA (N.) |
5.3 |
5.4 |
6.4 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
|
Oct 11 |
CA (N.) |
5.3 |
5.4 |
6.4 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
|
|
Oct 13 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.6 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
|
|
Oct 16 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.1 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
|
Oct 18 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
|
Oct 23 |
40 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.8 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
|
Oct 23 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.6 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
|
|
Oct 22 |
CO |
5.2 |
5.0 |
7.0 |
1.8 |
2.0 |
|
|
Oct 23 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.8 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
Oct 8 |
TX |
5.1 |
5.1 |
6.5 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
|
|
Oct 15 |
45 |
TX |
5.1 |
5.1 |
6.8 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
|
Oct 23 |
TX |
5.1 |
5.1 |
7.0 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
|
|
Oct 25 |
CA |
5.3 |
5.4 |
6.3 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
|
|
Oct 26 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.4 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
|
Oct 27 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.6 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
|
|
Oct 27 |
50 |
CA |
5.3 |
5.5 |
6.2 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
|
Nov 1 |
ND |
5.3 |
6.0 |
6.3 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
|
|
Nov 2 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
7.0 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
|
|
Nov 5 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
|
Nov 6 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.2 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
|
|
Nov 6 |
55 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.4 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
Nov 7 |
IN |
4.4 |
4.4 |
6.8 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
|
|
Nov 9 |
GA |
4.6 |
4.6 |
5.7 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
|
|
Nov 14 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
|
Nov 12 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.4 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
|
Nov 13 |
60 |
OR |
5.3 |
5.4 |
4.9 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
|
Nov 14 |
OR |
5.3 |
5.4 |
4.9 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
|
|
Nov 20 |
NC |
4.5 |
4.7 |
6.0 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
|
|
Nov 20 |
NC |
4.5 |
4.7 |
6.5 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
|
|
Nov 21 |
IL |
4.5 |
4.5 |
6.0 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
|
|
Jan 16 |
65 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.3 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Jan 19 |
WA |
5.3 |
5.2 |
5.5 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
|
|
Jan 20 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
|
Jan 21 |
ID |
5.3 |
5.2 |
6.3 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
|
|
Jan 21 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
|
Jan 21 |
70 |
ID |
5.3 |
5.2 |
6.0 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
|
Jan 23 |
CA |
5.3 |
5.4 |
6.8 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
|
Jan 23 |
CA |
5.3 |
5.4 |
6.2 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
|
|
Feb 06 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.1 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
|
Feb 09 |
OR |
5.3 |
5.4 |
5.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
|
|
Feb 27 |
75 |
AR |
4.7 |
4.8 |
5.9 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Feb 25 |
AR |
4.7 |
4.8 |
6.4 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
|
Feb 25 |
NC |
4.5 |
4.9 |
6.4 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
|
|
Mar 08 |
OH |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.1 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
|
Mar 22 |
MA |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
|
Apr 20 |
80 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
7.0 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
|
May 02 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.9 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
|
|
May 05 |
NM |
5.1 |
5.1 |
6.0 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
|
|
May 06 |
ND |
5.3 |
6.0 |
6.5 |
1.2 |
0.5 |
|
|
May 04 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
7.0 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
|
|
May 07 |
85 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.8 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
|
May 10 |
WI |
4.8 |
4.8 |
6.8 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
May 16 |
ME |
4.5 |
4.8 |
6.1 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
It is emphasized once again that:
“The single most important chemical species in clouds and
precipitation is the hydrogen ion (H+), whose concentration can be
indicated by specifying the solution’s acidity, or pH value. You may
recall from high school chemistry that the pH scale ranges from 0 to
14, low pH values indicating high acidity (high concentrations of H+)
and high pH values indicating high alkalinity (low concentrations of H+)”
from Atmosphere, Climate, and Change by Graedel and Crutzen,
Scientific American, 1997.
Lines of equal pH in the United States 1990
from Atmosphere, Climate and Change by Graedel and Crutzen 1997
(“The levels below 5.0 east of the Mississippi River are the result of
anthropogenic [man-made] emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides.“)
